Els piraustins (Pyraustinae) són una gran subfamília de lepidòpters ditrisis de la família dels cràmbids (Crambidae). Actualment inclou més de 1.400 espècies, la majoria tropicals, però algunes es troben en regions temperades, incloses Amèrica del Nord i Europa.
Els Pyraustinae incloïen originalment els Spilomelinae; el grup actual era llavors considerat com una tribu Pyraustini. Encara no s'ha establert completament quins tàxons del Pyraustinae sensu lato pertanyen a Pyraustinae tal com s'entén actualment; per tant, augmenta el nombre d'espècies d'aquesta subfamília (encara que els Spilomelinae són el grup més gran de l'antiga Pyraustinae).
Les opinions dels taxonòmics difereixen quant a la correcta col·locació dels Crambidae; algunes autoritats que els tracten com a subfamília (Crambinae) de la família Pyralidae. Si això es fa, Pyraustinae normalment es tracta com una subfamília separada dins dels Pyralidae.
Els Pyraustinae es caracteritzen per tindre la spinula atrofiada i les vènules en els òrgans timpanals, un estret fornix tympani, una ranura longitudinal amb escates androconals a les tíbies mesotoràciques masculines, un antrum sovint espinós, i un sella (un ganivet dirigit medialament a l'interior del pterogòpode), i un editum amb setae modificades als pterogòpodes masculins.
Moltes espècies tenen larves que s'alimenten de tiges i fruites de plantes, i diverses, principalment del gènere Ostrinia, són plagues agrícoles greus.
Gèneres
Acellalis Pagenstecher, 1884 Achyra Guenée, 1849 (= Achiria Sherborn, 1932, Achyria Sherborn, 1932, Dosara Walker, 1859, Eurycreon Lederer, 1863, Tritaea Meyrick, 1884) Acropentias Meyrick, 1890 Adoxobotys Munroe, 1978 Aeolosma Meyrick, 1938 Aglaops Warren, 1892 (= Xanthopsamma Munroe & Mutuura, 1968) Ametrea Munroe, 1964 Anamalaia Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Anania Hübner, 1823 (= Algedonia Lederer, 1863, Mutuuraia Munroe, 1976, Nealgedonia Munroe, 1976, Ametasia M. O. Martin, 1986, Ebulea Doubleday, 1849, Ennychia Treitschke, 1828, Ennichia Duponchel, 1833, Ethiobotys Maes, 1997, Eurrhypara Hübner, 1825, Palpita Hübner, 1806, Proteurrhypara Munroe & Mutuura, 1969, Opsibotys Warren, 1890, Perinephela Hübner, 1825, Perinephele Hübner, 1826, Perinephila Hampson, 1897, Phlyctaenia Hübner, 1825, Polyctaenia Hübner, 1826, Pronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968, Tenerobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971, Trichovalva Amsel, 1956, Udonomeiga Mutuura, 1954) Ancyloptila Meyrick, 1889 Aplectropus Hampson in Walsingham & Hampson, 1896 Aponia Munroe, 1964 Arenochroa Munroe, 1976 Arunamalaia Rose & Kirti, 1987 Asphadastis Meyrick, 1934 Atomoclostis Meyrick, 1934 Aulacoptera Hampson, 1896 (= Aulacophora Swinhoe, 1895; preoccupied by Aulacophora Dejean, 1835) Aurorobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971 Authaeretis Meyrick, 1886 (= Anthaeretis Carus, 1887) Auxolophotis Meyrick, 1933 Betousa Walker, 1865 (= Neothyris Warren, 1899) Burathema Walker, 1863 Calamochrous Lederer, 1863 (= Calamochrosta Lederer, 1863) Callibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Capparidia Dumont, 1931 Carminibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971 Catapsephis Hampson, 1899 Ceuthobotys Munroe, 1978 Charitoprepes Warren, 1896 Cheloterma Meyrick, 1933 Chilochroma Amsel, 1956 Chilocorsia Munroe, 1964 Chilopionea Munroe, 1964 Chobera Moore, 1888 Circobotys Butler, 1879 Clatrodes Marion & Viette, 1953 Coelobathra Turner, 1908 Coptobasoides Janse, 1935 Crocidophora Lederer, 1863 (= Crocidosema Lederer, 1863, Monocrocis Warren, 1895) Crypsiptya Meyrick, 1894 (= Coclebotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969) Cryptosara E. L. Martin, 1956 Cybalobotys Maes, 2001 Cyclarcha Swinhoe, 1894 Daulia Walker, 1859 (= Girtexta Swinhoe, 1890) Daunabotys Maes, 2004 Decelia Snellen, 1880 Deltobotys Munroe, 1964 Demobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Deuterophysa Warren, 1889 (= Gonopionea Hampson, 1913) Discothyris Warren, 1895 Drachma Bryk, 1913 Ecpyrrhorrhoe Hübner, 1825 (= Ecpyrrhorrhoa J. L. R. Agassiz, 1846, Ecpyrrhorrhoea Hübner, 1826, Harpadispar Agenjo, 1952, Pyraustegia Marion, 1963, Yezobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969) Elosita Snellen, 1899 Emphylica Turner, 1913 Endographis Meyrick, 1894 Endotrichella Collins, 1962 (= Endotrichodes Hampson, 1919) Ennomosia Amsel, 1956 Enyocera Snellen, 1880 Epicorsia Hübner, 1818 (= Episcorsia Hübner, 1826) Epiecia Walker, 1866 Epiparbattia Caradja, 1925 Eporidia Walker, 1859 (= Eporedia Walker, 1859) Eretmopteryx Saalmüller, 1884 Erinothus Hampson, 1899 Euclasta Lederer, 1855 (= Ilurgia Walker, 1859, Proteuclasta Munroe, 1958) Eumaragma Meyrick, 1933 Eumorphobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Euphyciodes Marion, 1954 Eustenia Snellen, 1899 Exeristis Meyrick, 1886 Fumibotys Munroe, 1976 Furcivena Hampson, 1896 Glaucoda Karsch, 1900 Glyphidomarptis Meyrick, 1936 Gnamptorhiza Warren, 1896 Gynenomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Gyptitia Snellen, 1883 Hahncappsia Munroe, 1976 Helvibotys Munroe, 1976 Heterocnephes Lederer, 1863 Hutuna Whalley, 1962 Hyalea Guenée, 1854 Hyalobathra Meyrick, 1885 (= Leucocraspeda Warren, 1890) Hyalorista Warren, 1892 (= Pyraustopsis Amsel, 1956) Hymenia Hübner, 1825 (= Zinckenia Zeller, 1852) Hyperectis Meyrick, 1904 Hyphercyna Sauber, 1899 Idiusia Warren, 1896 Ischnoscopa Meyrick, 1894 Ismene Savigny, 1816 Isocentris Meyrick, 1887 Lampridia Snellen, 1880 Lamprophaia Caradja, 1925 Lepidoplaga Warren, 1895 Leptosophista Meyrick, 1938 Leucophotis Butler, 1886 Limbobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970 Lirabotys J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007 Lotanga Moore, 1886 Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896 Loxostege Hübner, 1825 (= Boreophila Duponchel, 1845, Cosmocreon Warren, 1892, Leimonia Hübner, 1825, Limonia J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, Margaritia Stephens, 1827, Parasitochroa Hannemann, 1964, Maroa Barnes & McDunnough, 1914, Meridiophila Marion, 1963, Polingia Barnes & McDunnough, 1914) Lumenia de Joannis, 1929 Mabra Moore, 1885 (= Streptobela Turner, 1937) Macrospectrodes Warren, 1896 Massepha Walker, 1859 Megatarsodes Marion, 1954 Metaprotus Hampson, 1899 Metasiodes Meyrick, 1894 Mimasarta Ragonot, 1894 Mimetebulea Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Monocoptopera Hampson, 1899 Monodonta Kenrick, 1907 Munroeodes Amsel, 1957 (= Munroeia Amsel, 1954) Nacoleiopsis Matsumura, 1925 Nagiella Munroe, 1976 (= Nagia Walker, 1866) Nankogobinda Rose & Singh-Kirti, 1986 Nascia J. Curtis, 1835 Neadeloides Klima, 1939 (= Adeloides Warren, 1892) Neasarta Hampson, 1908 Neoepicorsia Munroe, 1964 Neohelvibotys Munroe, 1976 Nephelobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970 Nephelolychnis Meyrick, 1933 Nevrina Guenée, 1854 (= Neurina Moore, 1886) Niphostola Hampson, 1896 Nomis Motschulsky, 1861 Nymphulosis Amsel, 1959 Oenobotys Munroe, 1976 Oligocentris Hampson, 1896 Oronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Ostrinia Hübner, 1825 (= Eupolemarcha Meyrick, 1937, Micractis Warren, 1892, Zeaphagus Agenjo, 1952) Pagyda Walker, 1859 Palepicorsia Maes, 1995 Paliga Moore, 1886 (= Eutectona Wang & Sung, 1980) Palpusia Amsel, 1956 Paracentristis Meyrick, 1934 Paracorsia Marion, 1959 Paranomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (= Microstega Meyrick, 1890) Parbattia Moore, 1888 Paschiodes Hampson, 1913 Patissodes Hampson, 1919 Peribona Snellen, 1895 (= Radiorista Warren, 1896) Perispasta Zeller, 1875 Piletosoma Hampson, 1899 Pimelephila Tams, 1930 Pioneabathra J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007 Placosaris Meyrick, 1897 (= Xanthelectris Meyrick, 1938) Plantegumia Amsel, 1956 Platytesis Hampson, 1919 Pleonectoides Hampson, 1891 Portentomorpha Amsel, 1956 (= Apoecetes Munroe, 1956) Powysia Maes, 2006 Preneopogon Warren, 1896 Proconica Hampson, 1899 Prodasycnemis Warren, 1892 Prodelophanes Meyrick, 1937 Protepicorsia Munroe, 1964 Protinopalpa Strand, 1911 Prototyla Meyrick, 1933 Psammotis Hübner, 1825 (= Lemia Duponchel, 1845, Lemiodes Guenée, 1854, Psamotis Hübner, 1825) Pseudebulea Butler, 1881 Pseudepicorsia Munroe, 1964 Pseudopagyda Slamka, 2013 Pseudopolygrammodes Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Pseudopyrausta Amsel, 1956 Ptiladarcha Meyrick, 1933 Pyralausta Hampson, 1913 Pyrasia M. O. Martin, 1986 Pyrausta Schrank, 1802 (= Aplographe Warren, 1892, Autocosmia Warren, 1892, Botys Latreille, 1802, Botis Swainson, , Ostreophena Sodoffsky, 1837, Ostreophana Sodoffsky, 1837, Botis J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, Heliaca Hübner, 1806, Cindaphia Lederer, 1863, Haematia Hübner, 1818, Heliaca Hübner, 1822, Heliaca Hübner, 1818, Heliaca Hübner, 1808, Herbula Guenée, 1854, Hyaloscia Dognin, 1908, Mardinia Amsel, 1952, Panstegia Hübner, 1825, Perilypa Hübner, 1825, Porphyritis Hübner, 1825, Proteroeca Meyrick, 1884, Pyrausta Hübner, 1825, Anthocrypta Warren, 1892, Pyraustes Billberg, 1820, Sciorista Warren, 1890, Rattana Rose & Pajni, 1979, Syllythria Hübner, 1825, Rhodaria Guenée, 1845, Synchromia Guenée, 1854, Tholeria Hübner, 1823, Trigonuncus Amsel, 1952) Pyraustimorpha Kocak & Seven, 1995 Radessa Munroe, 1977 Ravanoa Moore, 1885 Rhectocraspeda Warren, 1892 (= Pilemia Möschler, 1882, Rapoona Hedemann, 1894, Rapona Schaus, 1940) Rhynchetria Klunder van Gijen, 1913 Rodaba Moore, 1888 Sarabotys Munroe, 1964 Saucrobotys Munroe, 1976 Sclerocona Meyrick, 1890 Semniomima Warren, 1892 Sericoplaga Warren, 1892 Sinibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969 Sisyracera Möschler, 1890 (= Araschnopsis Amsel, 1956) Sitochroa Hübner, 1825 (= Spilodes Guenée, 1849) Stenochora Warren, 1892 Tabidia Snellen, 1880 Tangla Swinhoe, 1900 Tasenia Snellen, 1901 Thivolleo Maes, 2006 Thliptoceras Warren in Swinhoe, 1890 (= Mimocomma Warren, 1895, Parudea Swinhoe, 1900, Polychorista Warren, 1896) Thysanodesma Butler, 1889 Tipuliforma Kenrick, 1907 Tirsa J. F. G. Clarke, 1971 Togabotys Yamanaka, 1978 Toxobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1968 Trichoceraea Sauber in Semper, 1902 Trigamozeucta Meyrick, 1937 Trithyris Lederer, 1863 Triuncidia Munroe, 1976 Uncobotyodes Kirti & Rose, 1990 Uresiphita Hübner, 1825 (= Mecyna Guenée, 1854, Uresiphoeta J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847) Vittabotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970 Xanthomelaena Hampson, 1896 (= Xanthomelaina Swinhoe, 1904) Xanthostege Munroe, 1976
Alguns Piraloïdeus encara no es col·loquen de forma inequívoca en una tribu particular o fins i tot en família; entre aquests, Tanaobela, per exemple, se sol assignar a les Pyraustinae.
Gèneres antics
Aediodina Strand, 1919 Cavifrons Zeller, 1872 Cryptographis Lederer, 1863 Haplochytis Meyrick, 1933 Orocala Walker, 1866 Protinopalpella Strand, 1911
Referències
Enllaços externs