Le lingue tai o lingue thai (thailandese: ภาษาไต, traslitterazione: p̣hās̛̄ātay) sono un sottogruppo delle lingue tai-kadai parlato nel Sud-est asiatico.
Distribuzione geografica Le lingue tai includono le lingue tai-kadai più ampiamente diffuse, compreso il thailandese standard, lingua nazionale della Thailandia, il laotiano, lingua nazionale del Laos, la lingua shan della Birmania del nordest e lo zhuang, un'importante lingua della provincia cinese meridionale del Guangxi.
Classificazione Lingue tai settentrionali Saek (Laos) [codice ISO 639-3 skb] Zhuang settentrionale (Cina) Bouyei (Buyi) (Cina) [pcc] Tai mène(Laos) [tmp] E (Cina) [eee] Lingue tai centrali Zhuang meridionale (Cina) Man cao lan (Vietnam) [mlc] Nung (Vietnam) [nut] Tày (Tho) (Vietnam) [tyz] Ts'ün-lao (Vietnam) [tsl] Nhang (Vietnam) Lingue tai meridionali (32) Tai ya (Cina) [cuu] Pu ko (Laos) [puk] Pa di (Cina) [pdi] Tai thanh (Vietnam) [tmm] Tày sa pa (Vietnam) [tys] Tai long (Laos) [thi] Tai hongjin (Cina) [tiz] Turung (India) [try] Yong (Thailandia) [yno] Thai meridionale (Pak thai) (Thailandia) [sou] Tai centro-orientali (10) Chiang Saen (10) Tai dam (Vietnam) [blt] Thai settentrionale (lanna, tai yuan) (Thailandia, Laos) [nod] Phuan (Thailandia) [phu] Thai song (Thailandia) [soa] Thai (Thailandia) [tha] Tai hang tong (Vietnam) [thc] Tai dón (Vietnam) [twh] Tai daeng (Vietnam) [tyr] Tay tac (Vietnam) [tyt] Thu lao (Vietnam) [tyl] Lao-phutai (4) Lao (Laos) [lao] Nyaw (Thailandia) [nyw] Phu thai (Thailandia) [pht] Isan (thai nord-orientale) (Thailandia, Laos) [tts] Tai nord-occidentali (9) Ahom (Assam - estinto. L'assamese moderno è indo-europeo.) [aho] Aiton (Assam) [aio] Lü (Lue, tai lue) (Cina, Vietnam, Thailandia, Laos, Birmania) [khb] Khamti (Assam, Birmania) [kht] Khün (Birmania) [kkh] Khamyang (Assam) [ksu] Phake (Assam) [phk] Shan (Birmania) [shn] Tai nüa (Cina, Vietnam, Thailandia, Laos). [tdd]
Storia Citando il fatto che sia i popoli zhuang che quelli thai hanno lo stesso esonimo per il vietnamita, kɛɛuA1A1 indica un tono., Jerold Edmondson, docente dell'università del Texas, ha ipotizzato che la separazione tra lo zhuang (una lingua tai centrale) e le lingue tai sud-orientali sia avvenuta non prima della fondazione di Jiaozhi (交址) in Vietnam nel 112 a.C. ma non più tardi del V - VI secolo.Edmondson, Jerold A. The power of language over the past: Tai settlement and Tai linguistics in southern China and northern Vietnam . Studi su lingue e linguistica del sudest Asia, Jimmy G. Harris, Somsonge Burusphat e James E. Harris, ed. Ek Phim Thai Co. Ltd, Bangkok, Thailandia. Doc. a pag. 15 thumb|Alfabeti tai
Morfologia Pronomi Proto-tai Alfabeto thai 1ª singolare *ku กูduale *ra ราplurale *rau, *tu เรา, ตู2ª singolare *mɯŋ มึงplurale *su สู3ª singolare *man มันplurale *khau เขา
Confronto ItalianoProto-tai sud-occidentaleThailandeseLaotianoLannaIsanShanTai lüZhuangaria*lom/lom//lóm//lom//lom//lom4//lom//ɣum˧˩/città*mɯaŋ/mɯaŋ//mɯaŋ//mɯaŋ//mɯaŋ//mɤŋ4//mœŋ//mɯŋ6/terra*?din/din//din//din//din//lǐn1//din//dei6/fuoco*vai/aɯ/fai//fái//fai//fai//pʰaj4/ o /fai4//fai//fei2/cuore*čai/aɯ/hŭa tɕai//hǔa cài//hua tɕai//hua tɕai//ho1 tsaɯ1//hua tɕai//sim/amore*rak/rák//hāk//hag//hag//hak5//hag//gyai2/acqua*naam/náːm//nȃm//nam//nam//nam5//nam//ɣaem4/
Note
Ostapirat W (2000). "Proto-Kra." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 23(1). Rapporto Ethnologue Consultato il 3 agosto 2005.
Bibliografia Brown, J. Marvin. From Ancient Thai to Modern Dialects. Bangkok: Social Science Association Press of Thailand, 1965. Chamberlain, James R. A New Look at the Classification of the Tai Languages. [s.l: s.n, 1972. Conference on Tai Phonetics and Phonology, Jimmy G. Harris, and Richard B. Noss. Tai Phonetics and Phonology. [Bangkok: Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 1972. Diffloth, Gérard. An Appraisal of Benedict's Views on Austroasiatic and Austro-Thai Relations. Kyoto: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 1976. Đoàn, Thiện Thuật. Tay-Nung Language in the North Vietnam. [Tokyo?]: Institute [sic] for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 1996. Gedney, William J. On the Thai Evidence for Austro-Thai. [S.l: s.n, 1976. Gedney, William J., and Robert J. Bickner. Selected Papers on Comparative Tai Studies. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 29. Ann Arbor, Mich., USA: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1989. ISBN 0891480374 Gedney, William J., Carol J. Compton, and John F. Hartmann. Papers on Tai Languages, Linguistics, and Literatures: In Honor of William J. Gedney on His 77th Birthday. Monograph series on Southeast Asia. [De Kalb]: Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1992. ISBN 1877979163 Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. (1995). William J. Gedney's central Tai dialects: glossaries, texts, and translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 43. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan ISBN 0891480757 Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. William J. Gedney's the Yay Language: Glossary, Texts, and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 38. Ann Arbor, Mich: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1991. ISBN 0891480668 Gedney, William J., and Thomas J. Hudak. William J. Gedney's Southwestern Tai Dialects: Glossaries, Texts and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 42. [Ann Arbor, Mich.]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1994. ISBN 0891480749 Hudak, Thomas John. William J. Gedney's The Tai Dialect of Lungming: Glossary, Texts, and Translations. Michigan papers on South and Southeast Asia, no. 39. [Ann Arbor]: Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan, 1991. ISBN 0891480676 Li, Fang-kuei. The Tai Dialect of Lungchow; Texts, Translations, and Glossary. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1940. Østmoe, Arne. A Germanic-Tai Linguistic Puzzle. Sino-Platonic papers, no. 64. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1995. Sathāban Sūn Phāsā Qangkrit. Bibliography of Tai Language Studies. [Bangkok]: Indigenous Languages of Thailand Research Project, Central Institute of English Language, Office of State Universities, 1977. Shorto, H. L. Bibliographies of Mon-Khmer and Tai Linguistics. London oriental bibliographies, v. 2. London: Oxford University Press, 1963. Tingsabadh, Kalaya and Arthur S. Abramson. Essays in Tai Linguistics. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press, 2001. ISBN 9743472223
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni
Categoria:Lingue tai-kadai