Il tetraidrodeossicorticosterone (3α,21-diidrossi-5α-pregnan-20-one; THDOC), o più comunemente allotetraidrossicorticosterone, è un neurosteroide endogenoHosie AM, Wilkins ME, da Silva HM, Smart TG. Endogenous neurosteroids regulate GABAA receptors through two discrete transmembrane sites. Nature. 2006 Nov 23;444(7118):486-9. PMID 17108970. È sintetizzato dall'ormone adrenale deossicorticosterone per azione di due enzimi, la 5α-riduttasi tipo I e la 3α-idrossisteroide deidrogenasiAgís-Balboa RC, Pinna G, Zhubi A, Maloku E, Veldic M, Costa E, Guidotti A. Characterization of brain neurons that express enzymes mediating neurosteroid biosynthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 2006 Sep 26;103(39):14602-7. PMID 16984997. Il THDOC ha effetti sedativi, ansiolitici e anticonvulsiviReddy DS, Rogawski MA. Stress-induced deoxycorticosterone-derived neurosteroids modulate GABA-A receptor function and seizure susceptibility. J Neurosci. 2002 May 1;22(9):3795-805. PubMed PMID 11978855Reddy DS. Pharmacology of endogenous neuroactive steroids. Critical Reviews in Neurobiology. 2003;15(3-4):197-234. PMID 15248811. Variazioni nei livelli normali di questo steroide, in particolare durante la gravidanza e la mestruazione, possono essere coinvolte in alcuni tipi di epilessia (epilessia catameniale)Tuveri A, Paoletti AM, Orrù M, Melis GB, Marotto MF, Zedda P, Marrosu F, Sogliano C, Marra C, Biggio G, Concas A. Reduced serum level of THDOC, an anticonvulsant steroid, in women with perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2008 Jul;49(7):1221-9. PMID 18325018, come anche nelle condizioni di stress, ansia e depressioneReddy DS. Is there a physiological role for the neurosteroid THDOC in stress-sensitive conditions? Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 2003 Mar;24(3):103-6. PMID 12628349Reddy DS. Physiological role of adrenal deoxycorticosterone-derived neuroactive steroids in stress-sensitive conditions. Neuroscience. 2006;138(3):911-20. PMID 16325348Eser D, Romeo E, Baghai TC, di Michele F, Schüle C, Pasini A, Zwanzger P, Padberg F, Rupprecht R. Neuroactive steroids as modulators of depression and anxiety. Neuroscience. 2006;138(3):1041-8. PMID 16310959Eser D, Schüle C, Baghai TC, Romeo E, Rupprecht R. Neuroactive steroids in depression and anxiety disorders: clinical studies. Neuroendocrinology. 2006;84(4):244-54. PMID 17159334Maguire J, Mody I. Neurosteroid synthesis-mediated regulation of GABA(A) receptors: relevance to the ovarian cycle and stress. Journal of Neuroscience. 2007 Feb 28;27(9):2155-62. PMID 17329412.
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Categoria:Neurosteroidi