thumb|300px|O Capitólio dos Estados Unidos exalta as virtudes republicanas clássicas.Bowling, Kenneth R. "A Capital before a Capitol: Republican Visions," in Donald R. Kennon (ed.) A Republic for the Ages: The United States Capitol and the Political Culture of the Early Republic (1999)
O republicanismo é o sistema de valores políticos que vem sendo a parte principal do pensamento cívico dos Estados Unidos desde a Revolução Americana.Shalhope, Robert E. "Toward a Republican Synthesis: The Emergence of an Understanding of Republicanism in American Historiography," William and Mary Quarterly, 29 (Janeiro de 1972), 49-80 Ela enfatiza a liberdade e os direitos inalienáveis como seus valores centrais, faz do povo, como um todo, soberano, rejeita o poder político herdado, espera que os cidadãos sejam independentes em sua atuação nos deveres cívicos, e vilaniza a corrupção política.Buel, Richard. Securing the Revolution: Ideology in American Politics, 1789–1815 (1972) O republicanismo americano foi fundado e praticado pela primeira vez pelos Pais Fundadores da nação, no século XVIII. O sistema teve como base os modelos romano, renascentista e inglês.Becker et al (2002), ch 1 Além da Revolução Americana, serviu como base para a declaração de independência (1776) e da constituição (1787) do país, bem como o Discurso de Gettysburg.Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution: How a Revolution Transformed a Monarchical Society into a Democratic One Unlike Any That Had Ever Existed (1992).
Republicanismo não é o mesmo que democracia, na medida em que ele assegura que as pessoas têm direitos inalienáveis que não podem ser eliminados nem mesmo por uma maioria de eleitores. Desde a década de 1830, quando Alexis de Tocqueville alertou a respeito da "tirania da maioria" numa democracia, os defensores das minorias têm procurado avisar sobre a necessidade dos tribunais protegerem estes direitos, revertendo os esforços feitos pelos votantes de acabarem com os direitos de uma minoria impopular.Volk, Kyle G. "The Perils of 'Pure Democracy': Minority Rights, Liquor Politics, and Popular Sovereignty in Antebellum America," Journal of the Early Republic volume 29, número 4, inverno de 2009 DOI: 10.1353/jer.0.0113 De acordo com Martin Edelman, professor de ciência política da Universidade do Estado de Nova Iorque em Albany (1984), o que o juiz da Suprema Corte Joseph Story havia alertado, quando se opôs à democracia jacksoniana, havia acontecido; Story via "opressão" quando as maiorias populares de diversos estados, durante a década de 1830, começaram a restringir e erodir os direitos de propriedade da minoria de homens ricos.Edelman, Martin. Democratic theories and the Constitution (1984) p. 30 Para Edelman o Chefe de Justiça John Marshall, ao se utilizar da doutrina da revisão judicialRevisão judicial se refere a uma decisão de um tribunal que derruba uma lei considerada inconstitucional. teve um papel crucial na promoção do republicanismo dos pais fundadores.Edelman, Democratic theories and the Constitution (1984) p 22
"Republicanismo" deriva do termo "república", porém as duas palavras têm significados bem diferentes; enquanto "república" é uma forma de governo, "republicanismo" é uma ideologia política.Hart, (2002), ch 1
Dois dos principais partidos do país receberam evidentemente seus nomes a partir deste conceito; o partido republicano de Thomas Jefferson (fundado em 1793, e chamado com frequência de "Partido Democrata-Republicano" pelos cientistas políticos, defensores da chamada democracia jeffersoniana), e o atual Partido Republicano (fundado em 1854 e inspirado na Revolução FrancesaSamuel F. Scott, "Foreign Mercenaries, Revolutionary War, and Citizen-soldiers in the Late Eighteenth Century." War & Society 1984 2(2): 41–58. Week 3: The Age of Federalists and Jefferson - First Party System).
Bibliografia Appleby, Joyce. Liberalism and Republicanism in the Historical Imagination (1992) Appleby, Joyce. "Commercial Farming and the ‘Agrarian Myth’ in the Early Republic," Journal of American History 68 (1982), pp. 833-849 in JSTOR Appleby, Joyce. “Republicanism in Old and New Contexts,” in William & Mary Quarterly, 43 (janeiro, 1986), pp 3–34 in JSTOR Appleby, Joyce, ed. "Republicanism in the History and Historiography of the United States," edição especial de American Quarterly, vol. 37, nº 4, (1985) com estes artigos Joyce Appleby, "Republicanism and Ideology," pp. 461–473 in JSTOR Linda K. Kerber, "The Republican Ideology of the Revolutionary Generation," pp. 474–495 in JSTOR Cathy Matson and Peter Onuf, "Toward a Republican Empire: Interest and Ideology in Revolutionary America," pp. 496–531 in JSTOR Jean Baker, "From Belief into Culture: Republicanism in the Antebellum North," pp. 532–550 in JSTOR James Oakes. "From Republicanism to Liberalism: Ideological Change and the Crisis of the Old South," pp. 551–571 in JSTOR John Patrick Diggins, "Republicanism and Progressivism," pp. 572–598 in JSTOR Joyce Appleby, Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 1790s, 1984, her reprinted essays Ashworth, John, "The Jeffersonians: Classical Republicans or Liberal Capitalists?" Journal of American Studies 18 (1984), p 428-430 Bailyn, Bernard. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. (1967). ISBN 0-674-44301-2 Bailyn, Bernard. The Origins of American Politics (1966) Banning, Lance. The Jeffersonian Persuasion: Evolution of a Party Ideology (1978) Becker, Peter, Jürgen Heideking and James A. Henretta, eds. Republicanism and Liberalism in America and the German States, 1750-1850. (2002). Brown, David. "Jeffersonian Ideology And The Second Party System" Historian, outono, 1999 v62#1 pp 17–44 ed. online Brown; Stuart Gerry. The First Republicans: Political Philosophy and Public Policy in the Party of Jefferson and Madison (1954). Buel, Richard. Securing the Revolution: Ideology in American Politics, 1789–1815 (1972) J. C. D. Clark. The Language of Liberty 1660-1832: Political Discourse and Social Dynamics in the Anglo-American World, 1660-1832 Colbourn, Trevor. The Lamp of Experience: Whig History and the Intellectual Origins of the American Revolution (1965) ed. online Currie, James T., The Constitution in Congress: The Federalist Period, 1789–1801, (1997); The Constitution in Congress: The Jeffersonians, 1801–1829, U. of Chicago Press, 2001 Elkins, Stanley M., and Eric McKitrick. The Age of Federalism (1993) Ellis, Joseph J. American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies in the Founding of the Republic (2007) Everdell, William R. The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans, (2nd ed. 2000)
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