V mednarodnem humanitarnem pravu in mednarodnem kazenskem pravu je nediskriminatorni napad (tudi neselektivni napad, napad brez izbire cilja) vojaški napad, ki ne razlikuje med vojaškimi cilji in zaščitenimi (civilnimi) objekti. Neselektivni napadi enako prizadenejo vojaške in zaščitene objekte, s čimer je kršeno načelo razlikovanja med borci in civilisti.Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.
Article 48. Basic rule
In order to ensure respect for and protection of the civilian population and civilian objects, the Parties to the conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives and accordingly shall direct their operations only against military objectives. Razlikujejo se od neposrednih (ali namernih) napadov na civiliste. Nediskriminatorni napadi zajemajo primere, v katerih so storilci brezbrižni do narave tarče, uporabo taktike ali orožje, ki je samo po sebi nediskriminatorno (npr. kasetno strelivo, protipehotno mine, jedrsko orožje) in primere, ko je napad nesorazmeren zaradi verjetnosti povzročitve prevelike škode na zaščitenih objektih.
Neselektivne napade prepovedujeta Dodatni protokol I. Ženevske konvencije (1977)Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.
Article 51. Protection of the civilian population (...)
4. Indiscriminate attacks are prohibited. Indiscriminate attacks are:
(a) those which are not directed at a specific military objective;
(b) those which employ a method or means of combat which cannot be directed at a specific military objective; or
(c) those which employ a method or means of combat the effects of which cannot be limited as required by this Protocol; and consequently, in each such case, are of a nature to strike military objectives and civilians or civilian objects without distinction.
5. Among others, the following types of attacks are to be considered as indiscriminate:
(a) an attack by bombardment by any methods or means which treats as a single military objective a number of clearly separated and distinct military objectives located in a city, town, village or other area containing a similar concentration of civilians or civilian objects; and
(b) an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. in običajno mednarodno pravo. Tovrstni napadi so vojni zločin po Rimskem statutu Mednarodnega kazenskega sodišča,Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, adopted 17 July 1998, entered in to force 1 July 2002.
Article 8. War crimes (...)
2. For the purpose of this Statute, "war crimes" means:(...)
(b) (...) (iv) Intentionally launching an attack in the knowledge that such attack will cause incidental loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects or widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment which would be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct overall military advantage anticipated; (...)
(xx) Employing weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare which are of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering or which are inherently indiscriminate in violation of the international law of armed conflict, provided that such weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare are the subject of a comprehensive prohibition and are included in an annex to this Statute, by an amendment in accordance with the relevant provisions set forth in articles 121 and 123; (...) storilce pa je mogoče preganjati in jim soditi na mednarodnih in domačih sodiščih.
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Kategorija:Zračno bombardiranje Kategorija:Vojni zločini Kategorija:Vojno pravo Kategorija:Mednarodno humanitarno pravo