Izraelske naselbine ali kolonije so civilne skupnosti, kjer živijo izraelski državljani, skoraj izključno judovske identitete ali etnične pripadnosti, zgrajene na območjih, ki jih je Izrael zasedel med Šestdnevno vojno leta 1967. Mednarodna skupnost meni, da so izraelske naselbine nezakonite po mednarodnem pravu, Izrael pa temu oporeka.Kretzmer, David The occupation of justice: the Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories, SUNY Press, 2002, , , page 83
Izraelske naselbine trenutno obstajajo na Zahodnem bregu (vključno z vzhodnim Jeruzalemom), ki si ga Palestina lasti kot svoje ozemlje, in na Golanski planoti, ki mednarodno velja za sirsko ozemlje. Vzhodni Jeruzalem in Golanska planota sta bili efektivno priključena Izraelu, kljub nasprotovanju mednarodne skupnosti, ki zavrača kakršnokoli spremembo statusa in ju obravnava kot okupirano ozemlje. Čeprav so naselbine na Zahodnem bregu na ozemlju, ki ga upravlja izraelska vojska in ne civilno pravo, je izraelsko civilno pravo "vpeljano" v naselja, tako da so tam živeči izraelski državljani obravnavani podobno kot tisti, ki živijo v Izraelu. Na Zahodnem bregu Izrael širi svoje obstoječe naselbine in poseljuje nova območja.Anthony Cordesman, Jennifer Moravitz, The Israeli–Palestinian War: Escalating to Nowhere, Greenwood Publishing Group, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2005 p. 432: 'Between 1993 and 1999, settlers established 42 "unofficial" settlements, only four of which were subsequently dismantled. More than a dozen new settlements were established between the 1998 Wye Accord [sic: it's the Wye River Memorandum, but Oslo Accords] and the outbreak of war, although former Prime Minister Netanyahu supposedly promised Clinton that he would halt expansion.'Zeev Maoz Defending the Holy Land: A Critical Analysis of Israel's Security & Foreign Policy, University of Michigan Press, 2006 p. 472: 'As can be seen from the table, in 1993 there were about 110,000 settlers in the occupied territories. In 2001 there were 195,000 (Note that the number of settlers increased by 18 percent during the Al Aqsa Intifada). This was an increase of 73 percent'Marwan Bishara, Palestine/Israel: Peace or Apartheid Zed Books, 2003 p. 133: 'The settlement expansion has continued unabated...and accelerated after the launch of the peace process.' p. 133.Baylis Thomas, The Dark Side of Zionism: Israel's Quest for Security Through Dominance Lexington Books, 3011 p. 137: "Six years after the agreement there were more Israeli settlements, less freedom of movement, and worse economic conditions." Settlement building and roads for Jewish settlers proceeded at a frenetic pace under Barak – the classic Zionist maneuver of creating of facts on the ground to preclude a Palestinian state.' p. 137.
Januarja 2023 je bilo na Zahodnem bregu 144 izraelskih naselbin, od tega 12 v vzhodnem Jeruzalemu. Na Zahodnem bregu je več kot 100 Izraelskih naselbin, ki so nezakonite tudi po Izraelskem zakoniku. Skupaj več kot 450.000 izraelskih naseljencev živi na Zahodnem bregu, če pri tem ne štejemo vzhodnega Jeruzalema, kjer jih živi 220.000. Na Golanski planoti živi več kot 25.000 izraelskih naseljencev. 18 izraelskih naselbin je bilo zgrajenih tudi na egiptovskem delu Sinajskega polotoka in 21 v Gazi. Po mirovnem sporazumu med Egiptom in Izraelom iz leta 1979 so bile evakuirane in demontirane vse naselbine v Egiptu. Poleg vseh naselbin v Gazi so bile kot del Izraelskega enostranskega umika iz Gaze leta 2005 demontirane tudi štiri naselbine na območju Zahodnega brega.
Izrael je vzpostavil judovske soseske v vzhodnem Jeruzalemu in v okupiranem delu Golanske planote, ki ju je Izrael priključil, zato tamkajšnjega naseljevanja Izrael ne obravnava kot naselbine. Mednarodna skupnost obravnava obe ozemlji pod izraelsko okupacijo, kraje, ki so tam ustanovljeni, pa za nezakonite naselbine. Meddržavno sodišče je v svojem svetovalnem mnenju o pregradi na Zahodnem bregu iz leta 2004 ugotovilo, da so naselbine nezakonite.Regarding international organizations and courts of law, see ; regarding the UN, see UN General Assembly resolution 39/146, 14 December 1984; UN Security Council Resolution 446, 22 March 1979; and International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion, 9 July 2004, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, para 120; Regarding the European Union position, see The Syrian Golan Na Zahodnem bregu Izrael nadaljuje s širitvijo svojih preostalih naselbin in naseljevanjem novih območij,Anthony Cordesman, Jennifer Moravitz, The Israeli–Palestinian War: Escalating to Nowhere, Greenwood Publishing Group, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2005 p. 432: 'Between 1993 and 1999, settlers established 42 "unofficial" settlements, only four of which were subsequently dismantled. More than a dozen new settlements were established between the 1998 Wye Accord [sic: it's the Wye River Memorandum, but Oslo Accords] and the outbreak of war, although former Prime Minister Netanyahu supposedly promised Clinton that he would halt expansion.'Zeev Maoz Defending the Holy Land: A Critical Analysis of Israel's Security & Foreign Policy, University of Michigan Press, 2006 p. 472: 'As can be seen from the table, in 1993 there were about 110,000 settlers in the occupied territories. In 2001 there were 195,000 (Note that the number of settlers increased by 18 percent during the Al Aqsa Intifada). This was an increase of 73 percent'Marwan Bishara, Palestine/Israel: Peace or Apartheid Zed Books, 2003 p. 133: 'The settlement expansion has continued unabated...and accelerated after the launch of the peace process.' p. 133.Baylis Thomas, The Dark Side of Zionism: Israel's Quest for Security Through Dominance Lexington Books, 3011 p. 137: "Six years after the agreement there were more Israeli settlements, less freedom of movement, and worse economic conditions." Settlement building and roads for Jewish settlers proceeded at a frenetic pace under Barak – the classic Zionist maneuver of creating of facts on the ground to preclude a Palestinian state.' p. 137. kljub pritisku mednarodne skupnosti, naj s tem preneha.
Premestitev civilnega prebivalstva s strani okupacijske sile na ozemlje, ki ga zaseda, je vojni zločin.Robert Cryer, Hakan Friman, Darryl Robinson, Elizabeth Wilmshurst, An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure, Cambridge University Press 2010 p.308Ghislain Poissonnier, Eric David, 'Israeli Settlements in the West Bank, a War Crime?,' Revue des droits de l'homme, 2020.'Status of Settlements Under International Law,' Amnesty International pp.8,29f. Izrael zanika, da to velja za Zahodni breg. Mednarodno kazensko sodišče je 20. decembra 2019 napovedalo preiskavo v Palestini glede domnevnih vojnih zločinov. Palestinci, OIC"OIC Secretary General hails EU decision on Israeli settlements" . United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine – OIC Statement to UN. Accessed 14 March 2015. in Združeni narodi pogosto kritizirajo prisotnost in stalno širitev obstoječih naselbin s strani Izraela ter gradnjo novih naselbin kot oviro za izraelsko-palestinski mirovni proces. Rusija, Združeno kraljestvo, Francija in Evropska unija so ponovile te kritike. Združeni narodi so večkrat podprli stališče, da izraelska gradnja naselbin pomeni kršitev Četrte ženevske konvencije. ZDA so desetletja menile, da so naselbine »nelegitimne«, dokler Trumpova administracija novembra 2019 ni spremenila tega stališča, ko je izjavila, da »ustanovitev izraelskih civilnih naselbin na Zahodnem bregu sama po sebi ni v neskladju z mednarodnim pravom.«
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Kategorija:Naselja, ustanovljena leta 1967 Kategorija:Izrael