Evolucijska psihologija (EP) pristup je u društvenim i prirodnim naukama koji proučava psihološke crte poput pamćenja, percepcije i jezika iz moderne evolucijske perspektive. Pokušava da identifikuje koje su čovečije psihološke crte evoluirane adaptacije – tj. funkcionalni produkti prirodne selekcije ili polne selekcije. Adaptacionističko razmišljanje o fiziološkim mehanizmima poput srca, pluća i imunskog sistema uobičajeno je u evolucijskoj biologiji. Neki evolucijski psiholozi primenjuju isto razmišljanje u psihologiji tvrdeći da um ima modularnu strukturu sličnu onoj telesnoj, a različite modularne adaptacije služe različitim funkcijama. Evolucijski psiholozi tvrde da je velik deo čovečjeg ponašanja proizvod psiholoških adaptacija koje su evoluirale radi rešavanja rekurentnih problema u okruženjima čovekovih predaka.Confer et al. 2010; Buss, 2005; Durrant & Ellis, 2003; Pinker, 2002; Tooby & Cosmides, 2005
Adaptacionistički se pristup postojano povećava kao uticaj u opštem polju psihologije. Evolucijski psiholozi predlažu da EP nije samo poddisciplina psihologije, već da evolucijska teorija može pružiti osnivački, metateorijski radni okvir koji integriše čitavo polje psihologije na isti način kao što čini u biologiji.Duntley i Buss 2008Carmen, R. A., et al. (2013). Evolution Integrated Across All Islands of the Human Behavioral Archipelago: All Psychology as Evolutionary Psychology. EvoS Journal: The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 5, pp. 108–26. PDF
Evolucijski psiholozi drže da su ponašanja ili crte koje se javljaju univerzalno u svim kulturama dobri kandidati za evolucijske adaptacijeSchacter et al. 2007, uključujući sposobnosti zaključivanja o tuđim emocijama, razlikovanja rodbine od nerodbine, identifikovanja i preferiranja zdravijih partnera i suradnje s drugima. Dosad su izvestili o uspešnim testovima teorijskih predviđanja povezanih s temama poput infanticida, inteligencije, bračnih uzoraka, promiskuiteta, percepcije lepote, cene neveste i roditeljske investicije."Despite this difficulty, there have been many careful and informative studies of human social behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Infanticide, intelligence, marriage patterns, promiscuity, perception of beauty, bride price, altruism, and the allocation of parental care have all been explored by testing predictions derived from the idea that conscious and unconscious behaviours have evolved to maximize inclusive fitness. The findings have been impressive." "social behaviour, animal." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 23. siječnja 2011. .
Teorije i pronalasci EP-a imaju primene u mnogim poljima uključujući ekonomiju, životnu sredinu, zdravlje, pravo, menadžment, psihijatriju, politiku i književnost.The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Edited by Robin Dunbar and Louise Barret, Oxford University Press, 2007The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, edited by David M. Buss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005
Kontroverzije o EP-u uključuje pitanja o proverljivosti, kognitivnim i evolucijskim pretpostavkama (poput modularnog funkcionisanja mozga i velike nesigurnosti o ancestralnom okruženju), važnosti negenskih i neadaptivnih objašnjenja, pa i politička i etička pitanja zbog interpretacija rezultata istraživanja.
Vidi još
afektivna neuroznanost biokulturna evolucija biosocijalna kriminologija kognitivna neuroznanost kulturna neuroznanost Darvinistička sreća darvinistička filologija duboki socijalni um Dunbarov broj etnički nepotizam evolucijska estetika evolucijska antropologija evolucijska biologija evolucijska edukacijska psihologija evolucijska epistemologija evolucijska lingvistika evolucijska medicina evolucijska muzikologija evolucijska neuroznanost evolucijskopsihološke istraživačke grupe i centri popis evolucijskih psihologa molekularna evolucija primatska kognicija hominidna inteligencija jezik velikih čovjekolikih majmuna primatska empatija čimpanzina inteligencija hipoteza kooperativna oka intersubjektivnost zrcalni neuron porijeklo jezika porijeklo govora simulacijska teorija empatije teorija uma neuroetologija paleolitička dijeta paleolitički stil života socijalna neuroznanost sociobiologija univerzalni darvinizam
Reference
Literatura
Barkow, J., Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. 1992. The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Confer, Easton, Fleischman, Goetz, Lewis, Perilloux & Buss
Durrant, R., & Ellis, B.J. (pp. 1–33). New York: Wiley & Sons.
Fruehwald, Edwin Scott, Law and Human Behavior: A Study in Behavioral Biology, Neuroscience, and The Law (Vandeplas 2011). . Prentice Hall
Nesse, R.M. (2000). .
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Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (pp. 5–67). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
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, in: A. Michalos (ed.): Encyclopedia of Quality of Life Research (Springer, Berlin).
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Spoljašnje veze
What Is Evolutionary Psychology? by Clinical Evolutionary Psychologist Dale Glaebach. Evolutionary Psychology – Approaches in Psychology PsychTable.org Collaborative effort to catalog human psychological adaptations
Akademska društva Human Behavior and Evolution Society; international society dedicated to using evolutionary theory to study human nature ; promotes ethological perspectives on the study of humans worldwide an interdisciplinary society that supports the activities of European researchers with an interest in evolutionary accounts of human cognition, behavior and society The Association for Politics and the Life Sciences; an international and interdisciplinary association of scholars, scientists, and policymakers concerned with evolutionary, genetic, and ecological knowledge and its bearing on political behavior, public policy and ethics. Society for Evolutionary Analysis in Law a scholarly association dedicated to fostering interdisciplinary exploration of issues at the intersection of law, biology, and evolutionary theory aims to foster research and education into the interdisciplinary nexus of cognitive science and evolutionary studies The NorthEastern Evolutionary Psychology Society; regional society dedicated to encouraging scholarship and dialogue on the topic of evolutionary psychology researchers that investigate the active role that females have had in human evolution
Časopisi Evolutionary Psychology – free access online scientific journal Evolution and Human Behavior – journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society Evolutionary Psychological Science An international, interdisciplinary forum for original research papers that address evolved psychology. Spans social and life sciences, anthropology, philosophy, criminology, law and the humanities. Politics and the Life Sciences – an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal published by the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences Human Nature: An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective – advances the interdisciplinary investigation of the biological, social, and environmental factors that underlie human behavior. It focuses primarily on the functional unity in which these factors are continuously and mutually interactive. These include the evolutionary, biological, and sociological processes as they interact with human social behavior. – devoted to theoretical advances in the fields of biology and cognition, with an emphasis on the conceptual integration afforded by evolutionary and developmental approaches.
– interdisciplinary articles in psychology, neuroscience, behavioral biology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, linguistics and philosophy. About 30% of the articles have focused on evolutionary analyses of behavior. The Evolutionary Review – Art, Science, and Culture
Video snimci Brief video clip from the "Evolution" PBS Series by Steven Pinker about his book The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature RSA talk by evolutionary psychologist Robert Kurzban on modularity of mind, based on his book Why Everyone (Else) is a Hypocrite Richard Dawkins' lecture on natural selection and evolutionary psychology Evolutionary Psychology – Steven Pinker & Frans de Waal Audio recording Stone Age Minds: A conversation with evolutionary psychologists Leda Cosmides and John Tooby Margaret Mead and Samoa. Review of the nature versus nurture debate triggered by Mead's book "Coming of Age in Samoa." "Evolutionary Psychology", In Our Time, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Janet Radcliffe Richards, Nicholas Humphrey and Steven Rose (Nov. 2, 2000)
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